Container energy storage technology performance indicators

Evaluating key performance indicators (KPIs) is essential for optimizing energy storage solutions. This guide covers the most critical metrics that impact the performance, lifespan, and operational efficiency of BESS. 1. Battery Capacity: The Foundation of Energy Storage

Moreover, the speed at which a ship is unloaded and loaded again, as well as the energy cost per container, are important performance indicators of a port's operations (Wilmsmeier and Spengler, 2016; Kreuzer et al., 2014;Sakawa and Shindo, 1982).

As most activities in a container terminal are performed per container regardless of its size, allocating consumption, emissions or expenses to TEUs would inadvertently lead to a situation where too much consumption, emissions, or expenses would be allocated to 20-foot containers. Hence, boxes (containers) will be used as unit indicator. 7.2.5.

Optimizing Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) requires careful consideration of key performance indicators. Capacity, voltage, C-rate, DOD, SOC, SOH, energy density, power density, and cycle life collectively impact efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness.

As multiple types of equipment are involved in container terminal processes, the activity-based approach, as described in the previous section, allows to decompose the different areas of consumption. In a common container terminal, two main energy sources are relevant, electric, and fossil fuels (mainly diesel).

Overall, on a $/kWh basis, PSH and CAES are the most cost-effective energy storage technologies evaluated within this report. Energy storage technologies serve a useful purpose by offering flexibility in terms of targeted deployment across the distribution system. Pathways to lower the $/kWh of the battery technologies have been defined.